Bilateral regulation is regulation undertaken jointly by two parties, most typically by two states. The goal of bilateral regulation in the international air transport field is typically the conclusion, implementation or continuance of some kind of intergovernmental agreement or understanding concerning air services between the territories of the two parties.

A significant amount of intergovernmental bilateral regulatory activity involves formal consultation undertaken to conclude, interpret, expand or amend, or resolve a dispute under an intergovernmental agreement, arrangement or understanding concerning international air services.

The bilateral regulation of international air services evolved over many decades. Although international air services were first developed in the 1920s, few bilateral intergovernmental agreements were concluded in those early decades due to the small volume of international air transport activities and then to the virtual cessation of many commercial flights during the 1939-1945 (World War II) period.

Bilateral agreements now in force, which constitute the largest volume of international air transport regulatory documents, largely date after the 1944 International Civil Aviation Conference held in Chicago. This extensive use by states of bilateral agreements to regulate international air transport is a consequence of agreement in the Convention on International Civil Aviation on the principle of national sovereignty over territorial air-space, agreement on the requirement for special permission or other authorisation to operate scheduled international air services over or into the territory of a Contracting States, and the lack of success of efforts to establish a multilateral regulatory regime for the commercial aspects of international air transport.

LIST OF AIR AGREEMENT: